使用pyInstaller打包的一点经验

转载，来自：http://blog.csdn.net/DexterChen/article/details/37727539

Popen

class subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None,
     stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, 
	 close_fds=False, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None,
	 universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None, 
	 creationflags=0)

class subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None,

stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None,

close_fds=False, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None,

universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None,

creationflags=0)

在脚本状态下stdout=None, stderr=None时运行不会有任何问题，但经过pyInstall打包成exe后，运行时会出现 ”[Error 6] The handle is invalid” 异常，解决方法如下：

脚本原始调用方法：

import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("myapp.exe", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=None, stderr=None)
p.stdin.write('xxx')

import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen("myapp.exe", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=None, stderr=None)

p.stdin.write('xxx')

适配pyInstaller的写法：

import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("x.exe", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
p.stdin.write('xxx')
p.stdout.close()
p.stderr.close()

import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen("x.exe", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

p.stdin.write('xxx')

p.stdout.close()

p.stderr.close()

Multiprocessing

代码中直接使用标准库中的multiprocessing.Process和multiprocessing.Pool，在打包成可执行程序后会创建进程失败。

对于pyinstaller的one-directory模式，只要再程序的最开始调用multiprocessing. freeze_support()就可以了，但对于one-file模式，还需要使用下面修改后的Process和Pool。

import multiprocessing.forking
import multiprocessing.pool
import os
import sys
class _Popen(multiprocessing.forking.Popen):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
            # We have to set original _MEIPASS2 value from sys._MEIPASS
            # to get --onefile mode working.
            # Last character is stripped in C-loader. We have to add
            # '/' or '\\' at the end.
            os.putenv('_MEIPASS2', sys._MEIPASS + os.sep)
        try:
            super(_Popen, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
        finally:
            if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
                # On some platforms (e.g. AIX) 'os.unsetenv()' is not
                # available. In those cases we cannot delete the variable
                # but only set it to the empty string. The bootloader
                # can handle this case.
                if hasattr(os, 'unsetenv'):
                    os.unsetenv('_MEIPASS2')
                else:
                    os.putenv('_MEIPASS2', '')
 
class Process(multiprocessing.Process):
    _Popen = _Popen
   
class Pool(multiprocessing.pool):
    Process = Process

import multiprocessing.forking

import multiprocessing.pool

import os

import sys

class _Popen(multiprocessing.forking.Popen):

def __init__(self, *args, **kw):

if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):

# We have to set original _MEIPASS2 value from sys._MEIPASS

# to get --onefile mode working.

# Last character is stripped in C-loader. We have to add

# '/' or '\\' at the end.

os.putenv('_MEIPASS2', sys._MEIPASS + os.sep)

try:

super(_Popen, self).__init__(*args, **kw)

finally:

if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):

# On some platforms (e.g. AIX) 'os.unsetenv()' is not

# available. In those cases we cannot delete the variable

# but only set it to the empty string. The bootloader

# can handle this case.

if hasattr(os, 'unsetenv'):

os.unsetenv('_MEIPASS2')

else:

os.putenv('_MEIPASS2', '')

class Process(multiprocessing.Process):

_Popen = _Popen

class Pool(multiprocessing.pool):

Process = Process

模块引用

脚本运行状态下，当需要使用全路径引用py文件时（如当前模块路径的父目录中的.py文件），可以通过添加路径的方法减少引用层数。假设plugins处于代码的根目录下，如果想引用plugins\Demo1\Demo1MainFrame.py，可以用下述方法：

import plugin.Demo1. Demo1MainFrame

也可以先在程序最开始执行：

sys.path.append("./Plugins")

然后再使用：

import Demo1. Demo1MainFrame

但遗憾的是，这种方法在pyInstaller打包后的程序中不能使用，会出现模块导入错误。

其它

打包过程中若遇到临时文件访问权限的问题，可临时禁用杀毒和防火墙功能后再尝试；
pyInstall仅支持ascii编码方式，打包后可执行文件数径中不能有中文。

Popen

Multiprocessing

模块引用

其它

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